The 159th Combat Aviation Brigade (159th CAB) formerly supported the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), and was stationed at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. While active, 159th CAB made the 101st Airborne Division the only US Army Division with two organic aviation brigades, and currently the 101st Combat Aviation Brigade is the only CAB supporting the unit at Fort Campbell. The 159th Combat Aviation Brigade was inactivated on 15 May 2015.

The lineage of the 159th Aviation Brigade is separate from that of the Vietnam-era 159th Aviation Battalion and the later 159th Aviation Regiment.